1 Samuel 21:13

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Bible > 1 Samuel > Chapter 21 > Verse 13

1 Samuel 21:13


← 1 Samuel 21:12 1 Samuel 21:13 (KJV) 1 Samuel 21:14 →
And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.
And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard.
Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me?

Verse Text

KJV with Strong's Numbers

And he changedH8138 his behaviourH2940 beforeH5869 them, and feigned himself madH1984 in their handsH3027, and scrabbledH8427 on the doorsH1817 of the gateH8179, and let his spittleH7388 fall downH3381 upon his beardH2206.


Original Hebrew

וַיְשַׁנֹּו אֶת־טַעְמֹו בְּעֵינֵיהֶם וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם [וַיְתַו כ] (וַיְתָיו ק) עַל־דַּלְתֹות הַשַּׁעַר וַיֹּורֶד רִירֹו אֶל־זְקָנֹו׃

Hebrew Transliteration Strong's Morphology Gloss
וַ/יְשַׁנּ֤/וֹ
va/y.sha.N/o H8138 HC/Vpw3ms/Sp3ms and/ he changed/ it
אֶת
'et- H853 HTo (obj.)
טַעְמ/וֹ֙
ta'.M/o H2940 HNcmsc/Sp3ms sense/ his
בְּ/עֵ֣ינֵי/הֶ֔ם
be./'Ei.nei./Hem H5869 HR/Ncbdc/Sp3mp in/ view/ their
וַ/יִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל
va/i.yit.ho.Lel H1984 HC/Vrw3ms and/ he pretended to be mad
בְּ/יָדָ֑/ם
be./ya.Da/m H3027 HR/Ncbsc/Sp3mp in/ hand/ their
[ו/יתו כ] (וַ/יְתָיו֙ ק)
[tâvâh כ] (va/y.tav ק) H8427 כ [HC/Vpw3ms כ] (Hc/Vpw3ms ק) (and/ he made marks ק)
עַל
'al- H5921 HR on
דַּלְת֣וֹת
dal.Tot H1817 HNcfpc (the) doors of
הַ/שַּׁ֔עַר
ha./Sha.'ar H8179 HTd/Ncmsa the/ gate
וַ/יּ֥וֹרֶד
va/i.Yo.red H3381 HC/Vhw3ms and/ he made to flow down
רִיר֖/וֹ
ri.R/o H7388 HNcmsc/Sp3ms spittle/ his
אֶל
'el- H413 HR to
זְקָנֽ/וֹ
ze.ka.N/o H2206 HNcbsc/Sp3ms beard/ his
Where the Hebrew text is written one way but traditionally read another, both are shown: [written form כ] (Ketiv) and (read form ק) (Qere).
Strong's References
  • H1817 — דֶּלֶת (deleth, deh'-leth): from דָּלָה (dâlâh) H1802; something swinging, i.e. the valve of adoor; door (two-leaved), gate, leaf, lid. (Psalm 141:3).
  • H1984 — הָלַל (hâlal, haw-lal'): a primitive root; to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make ashow, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causatively, to celebrate; also to stultify; (make) boast (self), celebrate, commend, (deal, make), fool(-ish, -ly), glory, give (light), be (make, feign self) mad (against), give in marriage, (sing, be worthy of) praise, rage, renowned, shine.
  • H2206 — זָקָן (zâqân, zaw-kawn'): from זָקֵן (zâqên) H2204; the beard (as indicating age); beard.
  • H2940 — טַעַם (ṭaʻam, tah'-am): from טָעַם (ṭâʻam) H2938; properly, a taste, i.e. (figuratively) perception; by implication, intelligence; transitively, a mandate; advice, behaviour, decree, discretion, judgment, reason, taste, understanding.
  • H3027 — יָד (yâd, yawd): a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.), in distinction from כַּף (kaph) H3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote (as follows); ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves.
  • H3381 — יָרַד (yârad, yaw-rad'): a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications); [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.
  • H5869 — עַיִן (ʻayin, ah'-yin): probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape); affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves).
  • H7388 — רִיר (rîyr, reer): from רוּר (rûwr) H7325; saliva; by resemblance, broth; spittle, white (of an egg).
  • H8138 — שָׁנָה (shânâh, shaw-naw'): a primitive root; to fold, i.e. duplicate (literally or figuratively); by implication, to transmute (transitive or intransitive); do (speak, strike) again, alter, double, (be given to) change, disguise, (be) diverse, pervert, prefer, repeat, return, do the second time.
  • H8179 — שַׁעַר (shaʻar, shah'-ar): from שָׁעַר (shâʻar) H8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or gate; city, door, gate, port ([idiom] -er).
  • H8427 — תָּוָה (tâvâh, taw-vaw'): a primitive root; to mark out, i.e. (primitive) scratch or (definite) imprint; scrabble, set (a mark).

The following Strong's numbers are referenced in the Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) text but were not explicitly tagged in the KJV source:

  • H413 — אֵל (ʼêl, ale): (but only used in the shortened constructive form אֶל (ʼel) ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).
  • H853 — אֵת (ʼêth, ayth): apparent contracted from אוֹת (ʼôwth) H226 in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).
  • H5921 — עַל (ʻal, al): properly, the same as עַל (ʻal) H5920 used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.
Cross References

Verse Cross-References

Reciprocal references (1): Genesis 27:24

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Bible › 1 Samuel › 1 Samuel 21 › Verse 13